It did not take long for demand to out pace production capabilities. Various attempts have been made to calculate Attican grain production in the period, but results have not been conclusive. Even if the ancients were aware of the better nutritional value of wheat, the growing of barley was less demanding and more productive. In reality, 90% of cereal production was barley. The generic term (σῖτος / sitos, usually translated as wheat, could in fact designate any type of cereal grain. Attica, Cyclades, the south of Peloponnese, and Crete are much more arid than the rest of Greece.ĭuring the early part of Greek history, as shown in the Odyssey, Greek agriculture - and diet - was based on cereals: barley (κριθαί / kritaí), Durum wheat (πύρος / pýros), and, less commonly, millet or common wheat. As such in the mountains winters can be rigorous and snowy. The Mediterranean climate is characterized by two seasons: the first dry and hot, from April to September (river beds tend to dry up) the second is humid and marked by often violent rain storms brought in by west winds, with mild frost free temperatures.
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